Recently we published an ESG economist about the carbon cycle. There are different places to store carbon such as in the lithosphere, which is the crust and uppermost solid mantle (including fossil fuel reserves), in the soil, in plants, in the ocean and in the atmosphere. But to limit climate change we would need to limit the carbon stored in the atmosphere. According to the Global Carbon Budget there are only 65 Gt, 160 Gt and 305 Gt of carbon left for the 1.5°C, 1.7°C and 2.0°C pathways. This translates into a CO2 budget of 238 Gt CO2, 586 Gt CO2 and 1,117 Gt CO2 for the 1.5°C, 1.7°C and 2.0°C pathways, respectively. As there is only limited availability especially for the 1.5°C scenario, there is a need for technologies that remove carbon from the atmosphere and store it. In recent years we have published several notes on Carbon Capture Storage Utilisation and carbon sequestration geoengineering. In this publication we focus on two technologies, namely, direct air capture and the relatively novel technology direct ocean capture. Direct air capture removes CO2 from the atmosphere and direct ocean capture removes CO2 from the ocean. In the next sections, we compare these technologies and look at their pros and cons. We end with a conclusion.
